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GEN ; 64(4): 323-329, dic. 2010. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-664515

ABSTRACT

La Hipertensión Portal (HTP) en niños es de difícil manejo debido a múltiples etiologías y al empleo de tratamientos no estandarizados. Reportar la historia natural de la HPT en niños atendidos en la Unidad, evaluar la evolución y el impacto del tratamiento en el pronóstico. 27 pacientes evaluados desde 1999 hasta 2009. Registro de: etiología, clínica, laboratorio, Eco- Doppler clasificación endoscópica de las várices esofágicas, gástricas y fúndicas, Child-Pugh y terapéutica endoscópica. 18/27(66,66%) Cavernomatosis de la Porta, 3/27(11,11%) Cirrosis Hepática Secundaria a Hepatitis Auto-inmune, 3/27(11,11%) Fibrosis Hepática Congénita, 2/27(7,40%) Colestasis Intrahepática Familiar y 1/27(3,70%) Síndrome de Budd Chiari; promedio de edad 4,6 años +/- 4,47. Debutaron con hemorragia digestiva superior 17/27(62,96%). Varices Esofágicas grado III 13/27(48,14%) y grado IV 4/27(14,81%); Gastropatía hipertensiva severa 5/27(18,51%), Várices gastroesofágica tipo II 9/27(33,33%). Profilaxis Primaria con propanolol 9/27(33,33%) y 1/27(3,70%) ligadura endoscópica más propanolol. Profilaxis secundaria: 17/27(62,96%), con ligadura endoscópica 47,05%, Escleroterapia 35,29% y ligadura más esclerosis 17,64%. Uso de somatostatina 2/17(11,76%) y falla en el control de hemorragia post-tratamiento 1/17(5,88%). Child Pugh B 4/27(14,81%) y Child Pugh C 4/27(14,81%). Posterior al Tratamiento: erradicación de várices esofágicas con ligadura endoscópica en 50% contra 35,71% con la escleroterapia (p< 0.05), un promedio de 2 +/- 1,41 sesiones vs 3,4 +/- 1,78 respectivamente. Resangrado en 2/17(11,76%). En niños con cirrosis con Child Pugh B y C con terapéutica endoscópica compensaron la afectación hepática. Un seguimiento 5,3 años: mortalidad de 1/27(3,70%), un trasplante hepático, 2 derivación porto-cava y 3 en espera. La profilaxis primaria o secundaria indicada disminuyo el riesgo de hemorragia variceal con pocas complicaciones, y mejoró el pronóstico de los pacientes...


Portal Hypertension (PHT) in children is hard to handle with as a result of multiple etiologies and because of using non standardized treatments. Reporting the PHT’s natural history in children assisted in the Unit, assessing the evolution and impact of the treatment in the prognosis. 27 patients assessed between 1999 and 2009. The following was recorded: etiology, clinic, laboratory, Eco-Doppler, endoscopic classification of esophageal, gastric and fundic varices, Child-Pugh, and endoscopic therapy. 18/27 (66.66%), Portal Cavernomatosis; 3/27 (11.11%), Secondary Liver Cirrhosis to Autoimmune Hepatitis; 3/27 (11.11%), Congenital Hepatic Fibrosis; 2/27 (7.40%), Familial Intrahepatic Cholestasis; and 1/27 (3.70%), Budd-Chiari Syndrome; average age: 4.6 ± 4.47. First time with upper digestive hemorrhage: 17/27 (62.96%). Grade III Esophageal Varices, 13/27 (48.14%); and Grade IV: 4/27 (14.81%); Severe Hypertensive Gastropathy: 5/27 (18.51%); Type-II Gastro-esophageal Varices: 9/27 (33.33%). Primary prophylaxis by Propanolol: 9/27 (33.33%); and endoscopic ligature plus Propanolol: 1/27 (3.70%). Secondary prophylaxis: 17/27 (62.96%); with endoscopic ligature: 47.05%; Sclerotherapy: 35.29%; and ligature plus sclerosis: 17.64%. Usage of somatostatin: 2/17 (11.76%); and failure in controlling post-treatment hemorrhage: 1/17 (5.88%). Child-Pugh B: 4/27 (14.81%); and Child-Pugh C: 4/27 (14.81%). Post-Treatment: eradication of esophageal varices by endoscopic ligatures in 50% vs. 35.71% with sclerotherapy (p< 0.05), a 2 ± 1.41 average of sessions vs. 3.4 ± 1.78, respectively. Rebleeding in 2/17 (11.76%). Children with cirrhosis, with Child-Pugh B and C, compensated the hepatic disturbance with endoscopic therapy. A 5.3-year follow-up: 1/27 (3.70%) morbidity; one liver transplantation; 2 portal-cava derivation, and 3 in the wait list. The prescribed primary or secondary prophylaxis diminished the risk of varicose hemorrhage with few complications...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Sclerosis/pathology , Hypertension/diagnosis , Hypertension/therapy , Ligation/methods , Esophageal and Gastric Varices/pathology , Gastroenterology , Pediatrics
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